Chrysin supplement by Ray Sahelian, M.D. Health benefit of chrysin supplement

Chrysin is a natural, biologically active flavonoid compound extracted from many plants, honey and propolis.

Chrysin 500 mg, 30 Capsules
Club Natural
Chrysin (5,7-Dihydroxyflavone) is a bioflavonoid found in the plant Passiflora coerula, a member of the passion flower family.

Chrysin Supplement Facts:
Chrysin - 500 mg *
     (5, 7- Dihydroxyflavone)

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Usage: Take 1 Chrysin capsule per day, or as directed by your qualified health consultant.
* Chrysin daily value not established

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Benefits of Chrysin
Chrysin
possesses potent anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation properties. Chrysin is able to stimulate nitric oxide release from endothelial cells leading to vascular cGMP accumulation and subsequent endothelium dependent vascular relaxation. Chrysin stimulated nitric oxide release is calcium independent and possibly mediated via PI3-kinase.
   Chrysin is able to suppress liposacharide-induced COX-2 protein and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. Nuclear factor for IL-6 has been identified as responsible for the chrysin -mediated COX-2 downregulation.
   There are claims that chrysin stimulates the release of testosterone. Since chrysin is available as an herbal supplement, some users, for instance body builders, are taking chrysin with the hope of raising testosterone levels or stimulating testosterone production. One study listed below did not find chrysin supplementation leads to any significant increase in testosterone production.

Chrysin side effects
No chrysin side effects have yet been reported in the medical literature> However, this is not surprising since hardly any human trials have been done with chrysin supplements to determine if chrysin has any side effects.

Chrysin Research Update
Comparison of high-speed counter-current chromatography instruments for the separation of the extracts of the seeds of Oroxylum indicum.
J Chromatogr A. 2005 Jan 21;1063(1-2):241-5.
Analytical Milli high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was used for the selection and optimization of the two-phase solvent system to separate flavonoids from the extracts of the seeds of Oroxylum indicum. Four flavonoids were isolated by preparative HSCCC: baicalein-7-O-diglucoside (25.0 mg, 92% purity), baicalein-7-o-glucoside (50.4 mg; 95% purity), baicalein (75 mg; purity 98%) and chrysin (100 mg; purity 98%).

Chrysin suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression through the inhibition of nuclear factor for IL-6 (NF-IL6) DNA-binding activity.
FEBS Lett. 2005 Jan 31;579(3):705-11.
The mechanism by which chrysin suppresses COX-2 expression remains poorly understood. In the present report, we investigated the effect of chrysin on the expression of COX-2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated Raw 264.7 cells. Chrysin significantly suppressed the LPS-induced COX-2 protein and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. The ability of chrysin to suppress the expression of the COX-2 was investigated using luciferase reporters controlled by various cis-elements in COX-2 promoter region. Mutational analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay verified that nuclear factor for IL-6 was identified as responsible for the chrysin-mediated COX-2 downregulation. These results will provide new insights into the anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties of chrysin.

Decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production by LPS-stimulated PBMC upon in vitro incubation with the flavonoids apigenin, luteolin or chrysin, due to selective elimination of monocytes/macrophages.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2005 Jan 15;69(2):241-8.
Apigenin and its structural analogues chrysin and luteolin were used to evaluate their capacity to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Furthermore, flowcytometric analysis was performed to compare the effects of apigenin, chrysin, luteolin, quercetin and naringenin on the different cell types present in PBMC. LPS-stimulated PBMC were cultured in the presence of the flavonoids and TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 were measured in the supernatants. In parallel, metabolic activity of the PBMC was determined by measuring succinate dehydrogenase activity. Apigenin, chrysin and luteolin dose-dependently inhibited both pro-inflammatory cytokine production and metabolic activity of LPS-stimulated PBMC. With increasing concentration of apigenin, chrysin or luteolin the monocytes/macrophages disappeared as measured by flowcytometry. This also appeared to occur in the non-LPS-stimulated PBMC. At the same time there was an increase in dead cells. T- and B-lymphocytes were not affected. Quercetin and naringenin had virtually no effects on cytokines, metabolic activity or on the number of cells in the studied cell populations. In conclusion, monocytes were specifically eliminated in PBMC by apigenin, chrysin or luteolin treatment in vitro at low concentrations (around 8 microM), in which apigenin appeared to be the most potent.

Effects of the dietary flavonoid chrysin in isolated rat mesenteric vascular bed.
J Vasc Res. 2004 Nov-Dec;41(6):509-16.
In the present study, the effects of the bioflavonoid chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) were analyzed on the perfusion pressure of isolated mesenteric vascular bed. The vasorelaxant effects of chrysin were more potent on intact endothelium than on denuded vessels. This endothelium-dependent response induced by chrysin was inhibited in the presence of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), KCl, tetraethylammonium (TEA), BaCl(2), TEA plus L-NAME, and ouabain plus BaCl(2), while incubations with indomethacin and glibenclamide did not modify the response induced by this bioflavonoid. Neither gap junction inhibition with carbenoxolone nor epoxyeicosatrieconic acid synthesis inhibition with sulfaphenazole (selective CYP 2C/3A inhibitor) or 7-ethoxyresorufin (selective CYP 1A inhibitor) inhibited the chrysin-induced relaxation. Moreover, chrysin increased L-NAME-sensitive cGMP accumulation in intact vascular mesenteric preparation. In conclusion, chrysin shows vasodilator effects on resistance vessels, which depend partially on the functional endothelium and appear to be related to the NO/cGMP pathway and, possibly to the release of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor

Effects of chrysin on urinary testosterone levels in human males.
J Med Food. 2003 Winter;6(4):387-90.
The equilibrium of sexual hormones in both sexes is controlled in vertebrates by the enzyme aromatase, a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily, which catalyzes the conversion of androstenedione and testosterone into estrone and estradiol, respectively. Flavonoids are diphenolic compounds present in whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables that are strongly implicated as protective in coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer. One flavonoid, chrysin, found in high concentrations in honey and propolis, has been shown to be an inhibitor of aromatase enzyme activity. These foods are often used as supplements, particulary by sportsmen for their energetic and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to verify if daily treatment for 21 days with propolis and honey, containing chrysin, would modify urinary concentrations of testosterone in volunteer male subjects. In fact, aromatase inhibition by chrysin could block the conversion of androgens into estrogens with a consequent increase of testosterone, eventually measurable in urine samples. The obtained data did not show alterations of the levels of testosterone in the volunteers after 7, 14, and 21 days of treatment in comparison with baseline values and compared with measurements on the control subjects at the same time. In conclusion, the use of these foods for 21 days at the doses usually taken as oral supplementation does not have effects on the equilibrium of testosterone in human males.

Beneficial effects of chrysin and benzoflavone on virility in 2-year-old male rats.
J Med Food. 2002 Spring;5(1):43-8.
This work describes the potential usefulness of bioflavonoids for countering the deleterious effects of aging on male sexuality in 2-year-old rats. A flavone chrysin from Passiflora caerulea Linn. and a benzoflavone moiety (BZF) recently isolated from Passiflora incarnata Linn. were administered to 2-year-old male rats for a period of 30 days. After cessation of these treatments, there was a significant improvement in overall sexual functions in the rats given bioflavonoids, compared with control rats. The rats receiving chrysin (1 mg/kg) and BZF (10 mg/kg) exhibited increased libido when they were allowed to interact with nonestrous female rats. Additionally, both treated groups had increased sperm count, greater fertilization potential, and greater litter size when they were allowed to interact with proven proestrous female rats of a similar strain. BZF was more potent than chrysin as an antiaromatase agent and exhibited better effects on the sexual system of the 2-year-old male rats. Plant flavonoids have great potential for clinical and therapeutic applications against the physiological and biochemical effects of aging.

Chrysin Questions
Q. I read on a web site that chrysin and piperine are a good combination and one should take piperine together with chrysin. Is this necessary?
   A. There are many claims that piperine helps the absorption of certian supplements or herbs, however, in most cases, these supplements and herbs are so well absorbed by themselves, anyway, that I don't see the need to add piperine. Therefore, a chrysin supplement without piperine should work quite well.

Q. What's your opinion on chrysin stimulating testosterone release?
   A. I have seen one human trial where chrysin in the form of propolis  was given and levels of testosterone measured over a period of three weeks. There was no increase in testosterone. Therefore, these claims of chrysin influencing testosterone are premature at this time.