Essiac is a combination of several herbs claimed to be formulated by the Ojibway Indians in Canada. The herbs in Essiac include burdock root, sheep sorrel, turkey rhubarb root, and slippery elm bark. However, there are many variations of Essiac. One product contains the following mixture: burdock root, Indian rhubarb, sheep sorrel, inner bark of slippery elm, watercress, blessed thistle, red clover, and kelp.

History of Essiac
In 1922, Rene Caisse reported healing hundreds of people with cancer and other chronic diseases with the use of ESsaic. The Essaic formula dates back to the 1920s when Canadian nurse Rene Caisse blended a tea of burdock root, sheep sorrel, slippery elm bark, and turkey rhubarb root, and offered it to her cancer patients. It is reported she received the Essaic formulation from an Ojibwa Indian woman. The name Essiac is Caisse spelled backwards.

Essiac and cancer
Is Essiac effective for cancer? Although laboratory studies hint that there is some potential, until several human studies are done, a definitive answer will elude us. One lab study in 2006 indicated that Essiac may stimulate the growth of breast cancer cells. As you can see, the results thus far have not been consistent. The effect of an herbal combination in vitro may not always reflect the effect in vivo, when humans take it orally. As of June 2008, I could only find one animal study and one human study with Essaic. Perhaps future research may find positive outcomes with this herbal combination.

Trial of Essiac to ascertain its effect in women with breast cancer (TEA-BC).
J Altern Complement Med. 2006 Dec;12(10):971-80. Zick SM, Sen A, Feng Y, Green J, Olatunde S, Boon H. Integrative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-1555.
The Essiac (Resperin Canada Limited, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada) product used in this study was a blend of at least four herbs (burdock root [Arctium lappa], Indian rhubarb [Rheum palmatum], sheep sorrel [Rumex acetosella], and the inner bark of slippery elm [Ulmus fulva or U. rubra]). The primary objective of this study was to determine the difference in health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) between women who were new Essiac users (since breast cancer diagnosis) and those who had never used Essiac. Secondary endpoints included differences in depression, anxiety, fatigue, rate of adverse events, and prevalence of complications or benefits associated with Essiac during standard breast-cancer treatment. A retrospective cohort study was done in 510 women with a diagnosis of primary breast cancer in 2003. CONCLUSIONS: Essiac does not appear to improve HR-QOL or mood states. Future studies are needed to determine whether other clinical outcomes, such as cancer reoccurrence, are affected by Essiac.

An in vivo analysis of the herbal compound essiac.
Anticancer Res. 2006 Jul-Aug;26(4B):3057-63. Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Essiac was administered orally to test animals prior to all experiments. Standard assays to test protection from ethanol-induced gastric ulceration and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury were performed on Wistar rats. Essiac demonstrated a modest gastric protective effect via reduction of ethanol-induced gastric ulceration. However, Essiac did not demonstrate significant hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic or immunomodulatory properties.

Essiac and Flor-Essence herbal tonics stimulate the in vitro growth of human breast cancer cells.
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2006 Aug;98(3):249-59. Kulp KS, Montgomery JL, Nelson DO, Cutter B, Latham ER, Shattuck DL, Klotz DM, Bennett LM. Biosciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550.
We evaluated Flor-Essence and Essiac for their effects on the growth of human tumor cells in culture. The effect of Flor-Essence and Essiac herbal tonics on cell proliferation was tested in MCF-7, MDA-MB-436, MDA-MB-231, and T47D cancer cells isolated from human breast tumors.Flor-Essence and Essiac herbal tonics at 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% stimulated cell proliferation relative to untreated controls in both estrogen receptor positive and estrogen receptor negative cell lines. CONCLUSION: Flor-Essence and Essiac Herbal tonics can stimulate the growth of human breast cancer cells through ER mediated as well as ER independent mechanisms of action.

Inhibition of prostate cancer-cell proliferation by Essiac.
J Altern Complement Med. 2004 Aug;10(4):687-91. Ottenweller J, Putt K, Blumenthal EJ, Dhawale S, Dhawale SW.
Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN, USA.
To assess the ability of Essiac tea extracts (Essiac Canada International, Ottawa, Canada) to modulate cancer cell proliferation and immune responsiveness. A noncancerous transformed cell line was compared to a cancerous cell line and spleen cells that had been isolated from mice to examine proliferation responses mediated by the addition of an Essiac preparation. We found in vitro evidence of decreased proliferation of both noncancerous transformed (CHO) and cancerous prostate cell line (LNCaP) when Essiac was present in the culture media. CONCLUSIONS: Essiac preparations may be able to inhibit tumor cell growth while enhancing immune response to antigenic stimulation.

In vitro comparison of Essiac and Flor-Essence on human tumor cell lines.
Oncol Rep. 2004 Feb;11(2):471-6. Tai J, Cheung S, Wong S, Lowe C. Center for Complementary Medicine Research, BC Research Institute for Children's and Women's Health, Room L306, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.
Essiac and Flor-Essence are two herbal teas widely taken by North American cancer patients during chemo- and radiation therapy. In vitro studies on the antiproliferative and differentiation inducing activities of these teas were performed. Essiac and Flor-Essence showed negligible antiproliferative activity on Jurkat leukemia cells. Both herbal teas inhibited 50% (IC50) of MCF7 breast cancer cell growth at 1/10 dilution. Conclusion: Our data show that both Essiac and Flor-Essence herbal teas demonstrated antiproliferative and differentiation inducing properties in vitro only at high concentrations.

Essiac formula
Several variations of Essiac are sold over the counter, but the primary herbs appear to be burdock root, sheep sorrel, turkey rhubarb root, and slippery elm bark.  

Essiac herbal tea
Essaic, an herbal formula used by cancer patients, has antioxidant and immune influencing properties. Essiac tea has potent antioxidant and DNA-protective activity, however, how this translates into clinical benefit has yet to be determined.

Essiac side effects
No major side effects have yet been reported with Essiac.

Essiac use
Dr. Sahelian comments: Essiac may have health benefits, but then again many herbs have antioxidant and anti-cancer potential. It is difficult to know at this time whether the Essiac formula has any advantages over other herbs such as mangosteen, curcumin, graviola, pomegranate, garlic, etc.

Essiac questions

Q. I have been trying to research Essaic product for its claimed anti-cancer benefits. I have just found your website and info on the many herbal/natural products available. Please enlighten me with any pros or cons regarding Essaic you may be aware of. Time is critical as I have a family member who is being devastated by the conventional treatments given so quickly today.
   A. Essiac supplement has minimal human research to determine whether it would be helpful or not.

Q. I looked for Essiac tonic but could not find it. Is there any reason why you do not make available an Essaic product, this herbal tonic which from all accounts appears to work wonders as a general detoxifier.
   A. With time.