There is not one cause of Insomnia, but many. Any of the following factors can be a factor:
   Medical conditions that cause insomnia: alcohol withdrawal, asthma or lung disease, chronic pain,  enlarged prostate, gastroesophageal reflux, heart failure,  hyperthyroidism, lack of exercise, menopause and hot flashes, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, sleep apnea, pruritus or chronic itching, restless legs syndrome, and pheochromocytoma. Those with chronic insomnia are more likely to suffer from depression or an anxiety disorder.
   Medications and drugs that cause insomnia include amphetamines, caffeine, cocaine, ephedra, pseudoephedrine, and theophylline. High doses of hormones --  such as DHEA, testosterone, progesterone, pregnenolone are also responsible for many cases. Even certain herbs can cause insomnia. I have listed a few of the possible culprits below.
   Psychiatric disorders or mental conditions that cause insomnia can include anxiety disorder, stress, mania, and depression, stress.
   Poor sleep hygiene is a common cause.

Good Night Rx - For occasional sleepless nights, developed by Ray Sahelian, M.D.

Suggested Use: Take one capsule of this natural sleep product one to three hours before bedtime on an empty stomach no more than 3 nights a week. Good Night Rx does not work as well when taken with a meal.
 

For more information regarding Good Night Rx and the supplement fact panel natural pill for deeper sleep
 

Symptoms of inadequate sleep
Fatigue, daytime sleepiness, low mood, poor motivation and productivity are common symptoms of insomnia. Chronic lack of a deep resit is one of the major causes of low libido. See this article on libido to find out how to improve sex drive and enjoyment naturally.

Insomnia treatment
There are a number of steps you can take in order to reduce your risk. A good night's sleep enhances energy, mood, vitality, sex drive, and reduces the risk for chronic medical conditions.
   Here are some practical steps you can take. Perhaps some of these suggestions may offer you an insomnia cure, and help you avoid overly relying on pharmaceutical insomnia medications. If not a cure, at least they will provide some help. However, certain insomnia medications can have serious side effects such as car accidents the next day. This has occurred with Ambien, the popular prescription sleeping pill.

Avoid electronics an hour or so before bed
Many people might be losing valuable shut-eye because they spend the hour before bedtime in front of the electronic glow of a television, cell phone or computer. Many experts experts recommend an "electronic curfew" an hour before bedtime, when people should dim lamps and avoid checking their e-mail or watching late-night TV.

Stick to a schedule, and don't sleep too late on weekends
If you sleep late on Saturday and Sunday mornings, you'll get Sunday night insomnia. Instead, go to bed and get up at about the same time every day. You may not need to rely on an alarm clock to wake up when you get enough sleep.

• Don't eat too many spicy or fatty foods. They may cause heartburn and insomnia.
• If you get the munchies, eat something that triggers serotonin, which makes you sleepy. Carbohydrates (whole grain bread, pasta, potatoes, lentils, barley, fruits, or cereal) with small amount of foods containing the amino acid L-tryptophan (milk, tuna, or turkey) will do the trick. A fruit salad and vegetable soup are good options. Another idea is whole grain bread with tomatoes (or salsa) and melted cheese. A cherry juice product has been tested with mild benefits.
• Don't drink more than one or two ounces of alcohol before sleep. It may cause insomnia since you may wake up repeatedly, snore and possibly develop sleep apnea.

Make your bed comfortable.

• If you share your bed, make sure there is enough room for two.
• Use your bed only for sleep and sex.
• Go to bed when you are tired and turn out the lights. If you are feeling like you're going to have insomnia, get up and do something else. Go back to bed when you are tired.
• Do not agonize about falling asleep. The stress will only cause worse insomnia.

• Use the lowest dosage and never mix alcohol and sleeping pills. The occasional use of prescription sleep pills should not be harmful but regular use can lead to rebound insomnia.
• If you feel sleepy or dizzy during the day, talk to your doctor about changing the dosage or discontinuing the pills.
• Melatonin at a dose of 1 to 2 mg an hour or two before bed can help induce sleep. Limit use to once a week. Sometimes a lower dose such as 0.3 mg taken earlier in the evening, about 6 or 7 PM works better than a higher dose taken later.
• The herb hops in tea or pill can also help with sleep. Hops is taken about an hour or two before bed. A Valerian/Hops combination 500mg/100mg may also work well.
• Kava taken a few hours before bed can also be helpful, so can the occasional use of 5-HTP at a dose of 50 mg an hour before bed on an empty stomach or half an hour before dinner.
• Tryptophan is now available over the counter.
• Passion flower can help relax if taken several hours before sleep.
• Some people get benefit using the mineral magnesium a few hours before bed.

I just read Dr. Christiane Northtrup's book, "The Wisdom of Menopause: Creating Physical and Emotional Health and Healing During the Change". She recommends 5-HTP and kava for insomnia. She also recommends two Chinese herbs, tian wang bu xin wang, and chai hu long gu mu li wang. I was not able to find either on your website. If you have them available I would be interested in trying those two as well.
    I am not familiar with tian wang bu xin wang and chai hu long gu mu li wang formulas. According to one website, the former has this composition: sheng di huang 120g, wu wei zi , dang gui, tian dong, mai dong, bai zi ren, suan zao ren, 30 g each, ren shen, xuan shen , dan shen, bai fu ling, yuan zhi, jie geng 15 g each. The latter formula Chai Hu Jia Long Gu Mu Li Tang was used in one study to treat 32 cases of neurosis. It significantly improved restlessness, insomnia, anxiety, tendency towards fatigue, and insecure feelings, etc. I am very familiar with a formula I created called Good Night Rx which works quite well when taken 2 to 4 hours before bed.

Use ear plugs and eye shades to block noise and light. You may be amazed on how much better you'll sleep and feel in the morning when you use ear plugs since you will be able to get a deeper sleep without frequent overnight interruptions from traffic noise, airplanes, dogs barking, roommates snoring, etc. Being woken up and exposed to bright light at night can throw off a person's biological clock for the next few days, a new study shows. What's more, the researchers found that being woken up at night at all--even in a dark room--also disrupts the body's timing, although to a lesser degree.

Use sleep relaxation techniques to reduce insomnia.
Once you are in bed, take a deep breath and gradually let it out. Do this a few times. Then, lightly shake one of your feet, and go back to taking a couple of deep breaths. Lightly shake the other foot and then take a couple of deep breaths. Move up to your legs, hips, arms, neck, muscle around the mouth, eye muscles, etc., while going back to the breath after shaking each body part. Soon you'll be in la la land. 

Aromatherapy
The smell of jasmine in the bedroom has been found to help reduce insomnia. Lavender may also help slightly.

Soft Music
In a paper published in the February issue of the Journal of Advanced Nursing, a team from Taiwan’s Tzu Chi University said they studied the sleep patterns of 60 people aged between 60 and 83 who had insomnia. Half were given relaxing music to listen to for 45 minutes at bedtime and half were given no help to sleep. The team found that those who listened to a selection of soft, slow music experienced physical changes that aided restful sleep, such as lower heart and respiratory rates, and their insomnia improved.

Prescription medication
Most insomnia medications require a doctor's prescription because they may be habit-forming or addictive, and overdose is possible. Many insomnia medications can lose their effectiveness once a person has become accustomed to them. Both over the counter and prescription Insomnia medications are available. I prefer to use prescription insomnia medications only on rare occasions.  There are several categories of insomnia drugs : Benzodiazepines. These are the most common hypnotics. They include lorazepam (Ativan), alprazolam (Xanax), triazolam (Halcion), and temazepam (Restoril), among others. Non-benzodiazephines. These insomnia medications may pose less of a risk of dependence. They include zolpidem (Ambien), zopiclone, and zaleplon. Rebound insomnia could also occur after stopping insomnia medications.

Rebound insomnia, a worsening of sleep compared with pretreatment levels, has been reported after discontinuation of sleeping pills, mostly the benzodiazepine hypnotics. Some of these benzodiazepines include triazolam, temazepam, and flurazepam. The risk of rebound insomnia is greater with the short half-life as compared with the long half-life benzodiazepines.
     To reduce the risk of rebound insomnia, you could consider a gradual withdrawal. This could mean taking, let's say, 9/10 of dose one night, then 8/10 of a dose the next night, and gradually taking less each night. Also, make sure you have full days of physical activity and lots of exposure to sunshine in order to minimize the rebound insomnia. Also, eliminate all supplements and herbs, and all caffeine and stimulants.

Insomnia in elderly and seniors
In the elderly, chronic insomnia is complex and often difficult to relieve because the physiologic parameters of sleep normally change with age. There is a controversy regarding the origin of insomnia in elderly. Are they only due to a senile process of sleep functioning or due to other associated comorbidities? Considering the objective assessment of sleep in elderly (by polysomnography), it has been shown an increasing sleep latency, decreasing total sleep time and sleep efficiency, a lower percentage of slow wave sleep. The circadian clock is also modified by age with phase advance and a decreased amplitude of the circadian rhythms.

Insomnia natural therapy emails
The purpose of this email is to ask a question about Valerian and Hops for sleep. Right now I am taking 1000 mg of Valerian and 150 mg of Hops for insomnia. I had been taking a sleeping pill called Ambien and did not like the hung over feeling I had in the morning so I weaned myself off of Ambien - slowly; and then I slowly started to introduce Valerian and Hops. So far so good - but here are some nights that I simply do not sleep well. Can "tolerance" develop with these herbs? And, Dr Sahelian, thank you so much for your hard work, dedication, and pioneering spirit in nutritional medicine! I am indeed a fan.
   I appreciate the positive feedback. There are several herbs and nutrients that can help with insomnia, such as hops, valerian, kava, melatonin, 5-HTP, etc., unfortunately, tolerance can develop with most of them, and they are not as consistent as pharmaceutical medicines. I recommend to my patients to alternate various nutrients and herbs, and sometimes I will prescribe the occasional use of a prescription sleeping pill. It's also a good idea to take breaks and not use any pills for sleep for at least a couple of nights.

I have tried treatments prescribed by doctors that are not suitable for daily living. It became a rather harsh experiment trying different sleeping pills and relaxing pills that just made things harder to focus during awake time and to remain a successful professional and mother. So I have decided to give Melatonin Sustain a try. I plan on starting out with 0.3 mg two or three times a week. I have ordered the 1 mg, 60 tab bottle. I know that for each person the product varies on how it reacts. Has your research shown that the product at 0.3 mg dosage to work better, for insomnia, taken 1 hr before bedtime or 3-4 hrs before bedtime? Is there a better time to take melatonin that increases absorption such as with a meal or with empty stomach? Aside from the questions asked above, do you have any suggestions on a pill cutter to give me the measurement of 0.3 mg? I'm looking forward to hopefully see some positive results in a battle I have thought to be never-ending with both the migraines and insomnia.
   It is impossible to predict which dosage of melatonin will work for insomnia and how many hours before. It is trial and error and it does not have to be exactly 0.3, there can be a wide range of dosages from 0.2 to 0.7, more or less. Melatonin is better absorbed on an empty stomach.

I am living in Bali and I am far from any efficient doctor, or specialist for natural product such as yours. I can not consult for my problem and needs. The only solution I have is through internet and emails. My problem is about insomnia. I have no problems to fall in sleep but I wake up all nights around 2 or 3 am and can not sleep again until 6 am. I wake up tired and all along the morning. I recover some energy after lunch and afternoon. I never take sleeping drugs and don't want. I prefer to manage with natural supplements or products. I recently tried Melatonine, and a few months later, 5HTP with same results. They did not work have strong agitation and sleep even less!! I tried just 2 nights for each and then stop regarding the results. Please note, that I have a healthy life style, I do sport (surfing, boxing)
almost every days, and don't drink really (maybe a few beers a week, and even not, every weeks). do you have an explanation for the reverse effect I face? Do you think I should try more than 2 nights to help the body to use to theses products? Do you think Good Night Rx can have a different result? Can you delivery your products to Indonesia?
    Early morning light exposure is very important, such as taking a walk for 20 minutes as soon as you wake up. Being active certainly helps. One should stop all supplements or medications that are not needed and stop all caffeine, herbal teas or sodas. A good option is to take Good Night Rx 3 to 4 hours before bed and then half an hour or an hour later to eat a meal with pasta, spaghetti, with some tomato sauce and small amount of cheese. Another option is to make a fruit smootie with several fruits including banana, and add a little bit of milk or soy milk, and a good amount of maple syrup or agave syrup. The carbohydrate load in the evening will help with sleep. This can be done 2 or 3 nights a week. Also, avoiding afternoon naps is a good idea. The products can be shipped to Indonesia.

I think it is great that you recognize that many supplements can be activating and cause insomnia. I was reading on the OCD page and noticed that no one seemed to mention coffee. I have anxiety and the potential for OCD. However, I find that my use of coffee is what makes all the difference. I have full-fledged OCD if I drink coffee, yet I simply have GAD without obsessive thoughts if I avoid those drinks. I can have a little black tea without a problem, but I would be suffering terribly if I drank coffee daily (as I once did). Coffee also makes all the difference in my skin (clear versus acne).