Prenatal Vitamins by Ray Sahelian, M.D.
Prenatal vitamins are designed for women who are
pregnant or who are planning to be pregnant. The prenatal supplements help
ensure that the expectant mother and developing baby have the proper nutrients.
Folic acid, calcium, and iron should be among the most important components of
multi-vitamin prenatal supplements. These prenatal vitamins reduce the risk of
birth defects, especially defects of the brain and spine known as neural tube
defects. Because neural tube defects originate within the first 28 days of
conception, and many pregnancies are unplanned, it is recommended that all women
of child-bearing potential take prenatal vitamin supplements -- especially folic
acid, the clinic advises.
There is little risk in taking low dosages of
supplements during pregnancy
and the possibility that they could be beneficial. Prenatal vitamins may reduce
the risk of brain tumors in children.
Prenatal Vitamins and supplements helpful during Pregnancy
Biotin is one of the B vitamins. You can find
Biotin on sale.
Folic Acid is a B vitamin. Folic acid is found in a multivitamin product called
MultiVit-Rx.
Choline - half of a 500 mg capsule a few times a week should be sufficient.
Fish Oils improve circulation
Vitamin E - Women who get enough vitamin E during pregnancy may help lower their
child's future risk of asthma. Vitamin E may aid in lung and immune system
development.
Prenatal vitamins may reduce the
risk of low birth-weight babies for certain women
Low birth weight, or infants weighing less than 2,500 grams (about 5.5 pounds)
at birth, is a major predictor of death during infancy and is also associated
with an increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, stroke and high blood
pressure later in life.
In a study published in the January 2007 issue of the Archives of Pediatrics &
Adolescent Medicine, researchers from the University College of Medical Sciences
in Delhi, India, followed a group of 200 women who were 24 to 32
weeks pregnant and lived within 5 kilometers of a hospital in East Delhi, India.
The women either were underweight (with a body mass index less than 18.5) or had
a low hemoglobin level (between 7 grams and 9 grams per deciliter), which can
indicate malnourishment.
About half of the women were randomly assigned to take a daily prenatal vitamin
containing a mix of 29 micronutrients. The other half were assigned to take a
placebo pill. Both groups of women were given iron and folic acid supplements
and guidance on prenatal health.
The women taking the prenatal vitamins gained an average of 9.2 kilograms (20.3
pounds), compared with 8.7 kilograms (19.2 pounds) for the women taking the
placebo.
The babies born to the women taking the prenatal vitamin also weighed an average
of 98 grams (about 3.5 ounces) more than those born to the women taking the
placebo. The rate of low birth weight in the vitamin group was 15.2 percent,
compared with 43.1 percent in the placebo group.
Prenatal vitamins and risk for
cancer
Prenatal Multivitamin Supplementation and Rates of Pediatric Cancers: A
Meta-Analysis.
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Feb 21; Goh YI, Bollano E, Einarson TR, Koren G.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,
Canada. The Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology Toxicology, The
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Prenatal supplementation of folic acid has been shown to decrease the risk of
several congenital malformations. Several studies have recently suggested a
potential protective effect of folic acid on certain pediatric cancers. The
protective role of prenatal multivitamins has not been elucidated. We conducted
a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the potential protective effect
of prenatal multivitamins on several pediatric cancers. Medline, PubMed, EMBASE,
Toxline, Healthstar, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies published
in all languages from 1960 to July 2005 on multivitamin supplementation and
pediatric cancers. References from all articles collected were reviewed for
additional articles. Two blinded independent reviewers assessed the articles for
inclusion and exclusion. Rates of cancers in women supplemented with
multivitamins were compared with unsupplemented women using a random effects
model. Sixty-one articles were identified in the initial search, of which, seven
articles met the inclusion criteria. There was an apparent protective effect for
leukemia (odds ratio (OR)=0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.50-0.74),
pediatric brain tumors (OR=0.73, 95% CI=0.60-0.88) and neuroblastoma (OR=0.53,
95% CI=0.42-0.68). In conclusion, maternal ingestion of prenatal multivitamins
is associated with a decreased risk for pediatric brain tumors, neuroblastoma,
and leukemia. Presently, it is not known which constituent(s) among the
multivitamins confer this protective effect.
Prenatal Vitamins May Reduce Risk of Brain Tumors in
Children
Women who take
multivitamins early in pregnancy may reduce the risk that their child will
develop some types of brain tumors. Public health agencies already urge pregnant
women to take multivitamins that contain folic acid early in pregnancy to reduce
their fetus's risk of developing a neural tube defect such as spina bifida.
Another possible protective effect for the vitamins could be a reduced risk for medulloblastoma and
primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the brain. Childhood brain tumors
are relatively rare, but medulloblastoma is the second most common
brain tumor in children. Occurring in one in 20,000 children under age six, it
appears in the cerebellum, the lower portion of the brain, and the area of the
brain that coordinates movement. Primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the brain are similar to medulloblastoma
but occur in other parts of the central nervous system. Dr. Bunin's co-authors were Paul R. Gallagher, Lucy B.
Rorke-Adams, M.D., and Avital Cnaan, Ph.D., all of The Children's Hospital of
Philadelphia, as well as Leslie R. Robison, Ph.D., of St. Jude Children's
Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenn. Drs. Bunin and Cnaan also are faculty members
of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.
About The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia: The Children's Hospital of
Philadelphia was founded in 1855 as the nation's first pediatric hospital.
Through its long-standing commitment to providing exceptional patient care,
training new generations of pediatric healthcare professionals and pioneering
major research initiatives, Children's Hospital has fostered many discoveries
that have benefited children worldwide. Its pediatric research program is among
the largest in the country, ranking third in National Institutes of Health
funding. In addition, its unique family-centered care and public service
programs have brought the 430-bed hospital recognition as a leading advocate for
children and adolescents.