Psyllium Fiber by Ray Sahelian, M.D. Benefit of Psyllium Fiber

Psyllium seed husk is a dietary fiber from Plantago ovata that increases stool weight and promotes laxation by its presence in stool and by increasing the moisture content of stool. Psyllium fiber is able to absorb a great deal of fluid in the intestines, allowing for easier transit of food.

Psyllium Husk Caps, 500 mg, 500 Capsules - Now Foods

As a dietary supplement, take 1 or 2 psyllium husk capsules with an 8 ounce glass of liquid, once or twice a day with meals.

Servings Per Container: 166
Serving Size: 3 capsules

Calories 6
Total Carbohydrates 1.3 g
Dietary Fiber 1.1 g 
Psyllium Husk Powder (Plantago asiatica) seed 1.5 g

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Subscribe to a FREE Supplement Research Update newsletter. Once or twice a month we email a brief abstract of several studies on various supplements and natural medicine topics including psyllium husk and psyllium seed - and their practical interpretation by Ray Sahelian, M.D.

Beneift of Psyllium husk
Psyllium may help with weight loss control. Also see an effective appetite suppressant called Diet Rx with no side effects.
Psyllium is a wonderful bulking fiber for constipation. Another benefit of psyllium husk is that it reduces fecal incontinence.
Psyllium helps maintain healthy cholesterol and blood lipid levels.
In 1998, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorized the use of a health claim in the labeling of foods and dietary supplements containing psyllium husk. The health claim states that diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol that include soluble fiber per day from psyllium may reduce the risk of heart disease by lowering cholesterol.
Psyllium may help maintain healthy blood pressure.
Psyllium added to a traditional diet for persons with type II diabetes is safe, well tolerated, and improves glycemic and lipid control.
Psyllium reduces radiation-induced diarrhea.
Psyllium could be helpful for hemorrhoids since it softens the stools.

Psyllium fiber is best taken in a dose of 1 to 5 grams with a meal, particularly if the meal has a low fiber content. You can mix half a teaspoon or a teaspoon of psyllium fiber with a glass of water, once or twice a day. I also recommend drinking a glass of water in the morning when you wake up.

Many psyllium products on the market add sugar. Try to find a product without added sugar.

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Benefits of Diet Rx with psyllium

All natural appetite suppressant, decreases appetite so you eat less
Helps you maintain healthy blood sugar levels
Helps you maintain healthy cholesterol and lipid levels
Provides a variety of antioxidant from two dozen herbs and nutrients
Provides healthy fiber
Improves energy
Balances mood
Improves mental concentration and focus
Improves will power and choice of food selection

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History of Psyllium Seed Husk
Psyllium husk has a long history of use in traditional and herbal medicines. Psyllium husk is derived from the seed of the plantago ovata plant. Besides plantago ovata, psyllium is also known as ispaghula and isapgol. Plantago ovata is an annual herb native to Asia, the Mediterranean region, and North Africa. Psyllium is extensively cultivated in India and Pakistan. India provides about 80 percent of the psyllium available in the world market. The United States is the world's largest importer of psyllium husk. Psyllium has a long history of use throughout the world. Psyllium seed has been used in traditional medicine in the United States, Europe, India, and China. In the U.S., psyllium husk is most often used as a bulk-fiber laxative, in foods or in various fiber supplements. In fact, psyllium is a source of both soluble and insoluble fiber.

Psyllium side effects
Ingesting a large amount of psyllium with little water or fluid can cause constipation and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Psyllium lowers blood sugar in patients with diabetes
Psyllium decreased serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin significantly in diabetic outpatients.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Nov 14;102(2):202-7. Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, No. 97 Bozorgmehr Street, Qods Street, Enghelab Avenue, P.O. Box 13145-1446 Tehran, Iran.
The beneficial effect of dietary fiber in the management of type II diabetes, has not been totally demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma-lowering effects of 5g twice daily of psyllium husk fiber, as an adjunct to dietary and drug therapy on lipid and glucose levels, in patients with type II diabetes. Forty-nine subjects were included in the study that were given diet counseling before the study and then followed for 8 weeks in the treatment period. Fasting plasma glucose was measured every 2 weeks, and total plasma cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and insulin levels were measured every 4 weeks. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was also measured at the beginning and ending of the study. Better gastric tolerance to metformin was recorded in the psyllium group. Fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c, showed a significant reduction, whereas HDL-C increased significantly following psyllium treatment. LDL / HDL ratio was significantly decreased. These results show that 5 g b.i.d. of psyllium for persons with type II diabetes is safe, well tolerated, and improves glycemic control.

Effects of psyllium on glucose and serum lipid responses in men with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Oct;70(4):466-73.
Anderson JW. University of Kentucky, Lexington 40511, USA.
This study examined the effects of administering psyllium to men with type 2 diabetes. The objective was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of psyllium husk fiber used adjunctively to a traditional diet for diabetes in the treatment of men with type 2 diabetes and mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia. After a 2-wk dietary stabilization phase, 34 men with type 2 diabetes and mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia were randomly assigned to receive 5.1 g psyllium or cellulose placebo twice daily for 8 wk. Serum lipid and glycemic indexes were evaluated biweekly on an outpatient basis and at weeks 0 and 8 in a metabolic ward. In the metabolic ward, the psyllium group showed significant improvements in glucose and lipid values compared with the placebo group. Serum total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were 8.9% and 13.0% lower, respectively, in the psyllium than in the placebo group. All-day and postlunch postprandial glucose concentrations were 11.0% and 19% lower in the psyllium than in the placebo group. Both products were well tolerated, with no serious adverse events related to treatment reported in either group. The addition of psyllium to a traditional diet for persons with diabetes is safe, is well tolerated, and improves glycemic and lipid control in men with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.

Psyllium Research Update
Long-term cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium as an adjunct to diet therapy in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jun;71(6):1433-8.
Anderson JW,. University of Kentucky and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY
Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease and nutrition management is the initial therapeutic approach. This multicenter study evaluated the long-term effectiveness of psyllium husk fiber as an adjunct to diet in the treatment of persons with primary hypercholesterolemia. DESIGN: Men and women with hypercholesterolemia were recruited. After following an American Heart Association Step I diet for 8 wk (dietary adaptation phase), eligible subjects with serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations between 3.36 and 4.91 mmol/L were randomly assigned to receive either 5 g psyllium or a cellulose placebo twice daily for 26 wk while continuing diet therapy. Serum total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were 4.7% and 6.7% lower in the psyllium group than in the placebo group after 24-26 wk. Other outcome measures did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with 5 g psyllium twice daily produces significant net reductions in serum total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in men and women with primary hypercholesterolemia. Psyllium therapy is an effective adjunct to diet therapy and may provide an alternative to drug therapy for some patients.

Psyllium is superior to docusate sodium for treatment of chronic constipation.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1998 May;12(5):491-7.
McRorie JW. The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio 45224, USA.
Stool softening is a physician's first step in the management of chronic constipation. To compare stool softening (stool water content) and laxative efficacy of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid vs. docusate sodium. The multi-site, randomized, double-blind, parallel-design study of 170 subjects with chronic idiopathic constipation involved a 2-week baseline (placebo) phase followed by 2 weeks of treatment. The treatment phase compared psyllium (5.1 g b.d.) plus docusate placebo to docusate sodium (100 mg b.d.) plus psyllium placebo. Stools were collected and assessed. Compared to baseline, psyllium increased stool water content vs. docusate. Psyllium also increased stool water weight , total stool output, and O'Brien rank-type score combining objective measures of constipation. Bowel movement (BM) frequency was significantly greater for psyllium (3.5 BM/week) vs. docusate (2.9 BM/week) in treatment week 2, with no significant difference between treatment groups in treatment week 1. Psyllium is superior to docusate sodium for softening stools by increasing stool water content, and has greater overall laxative efficacy in subjects with chronic idiopathic constipation.

Effect of psyllium fiber on gastric emptying, hunger feeling and food intake in normal volunteers: a double blind study.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998 Apr;52(4):239-45.

Service de Gastroenterologie et Nutrition, Hopital Bichat, Paris, France.
To assess whether soluble psyllium fiber, could, at an acceptable dose (7.4 g), delay gastric emptying of a low-calorie meal, and reduce hunger feeling and energy intake, without requiring intimate mixing with the meal. A double blind randomized cross over study with 14 normal volunteers, to evaluate the effect of this dose of psyllium fiber on postprandial serum glucose, triglycerides and insulin levels, and on gastric fullness, hunger feeling and food intake. Gastric emptying was measured using a standard double-radiolabeled 450 kcal meal and feelings by visual analogic scales. The postprandial serum glucose, triglycerides and insulin levels were also determined. No delay in the gastric emptying of the solid and liquid phases of the meal was observed with psyllium fiber. After the meal, hunger feelings and energy intake were significantly lower during the psyllium fiber session than during the placebo session (13% and 17% lower respectively. Postprandial increase in serum glucose, triglycerides and insulin levels was less with psyllium than with placebo. Psyllium fiber reduces hunger feelings and energy intake in normal volunteers at reasonable dose and without requiring mixing with the meal. It does not act by slowing down the gastric emptying of hydrosoluble nutrients, but by increase in the time allowed for intestinal absorption, as suggested by the flattening of the postprandial serum glucose, insulin and triglycerides curves.

Metamucil psyllim
Dietary fiber supplements such as psyllium husk continue to sell steadily in the United States and abroad. With national brands such as Metamucil, the product category has a strong awareness among the baby boomer generation as a supplement which can enhance their lifestyle dramatically. Additionally, dietary fiber such as those found in psyllium, catch bile acids and ultimately results in cholesterol removal in conjunction with the replacement of bile acids; resulting in a 4-8 percent reduction in LDL cholesterol. Some psyllium products have added sugar, you may with to choose brands that have little or no sugar or artificial dyes or preservatives.

Psyllium supplement does not affect C reactive protein levels
Dr. Dana E. King and colleagues at the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston assigned 162 overweight or obese adults without heart disease to take psyllium supplements (7 or 14 grams daily) or no supplements. Their objective was to see whether daily fiber supplementation would lower blood levels of C-reactive protein or CRP and other markers of inflammation. After 3 months, the results showed changes in CRP levels or the other markers of inflammation were no different between the group that got psyllium fiber supplements and the no-supplement comparison group. Annals of Family Medicine, March/April 2008.
   Comments: Psyllium may provide benefits that are not necessarily related to changes in c reactive protein levels.

Psyllium seed husk emails
Q. What form of psyllium do you recommend, the husk powder or the seed?
   A. Overall, I prefer the seed, but the psyllium husk powder is also wonderful as an easy to use powder in capsule form or just poured into a glass of water.

Q.  Can psyllium husk powder be put in a fruit shake?
   A. I don't see why not. You can also make your own ice cream by using cocoa powder, water, vanillin, stevia or another sweetener, half and half or cream, and a little bit of psyllium powder and the freeze it.

Q. What is plantago psyllium ?
   A. Psyllium is the common name used for several members of the plant genus Plantago whose seeds are used commercially for the production of mucilage. The genus Plantago contains over 200 species. Plantago ovata and Plantago psyllium are produced commercially in many countries.

Q. I was informed by a friend that he heard Dr. Weil mention on television that taking psyllium at the same time as taking your vitamins (with food) will prevent the absorption of those vitamins and minerals. I have since stop taking psyllium for this reason.
   A. Psyllium may or may not reduce absorption by a little, but most people who take vitamins are taking such high doses that it becomes practically irrelevant. I personally take psyllium once a day with a meal and don't worry about these matters of vitamin absorption.

Q. Can psyllium be used by dogs or cats?
   A. I don't see any harm that would occur if tiny amounts are used, but it would be very difficult to find a way for a cat or dog to ingest psyllium, and it would be difficult to encourage water consumption since that would be required.

Q. Hi I take several vitamins now - I want to take psyllium but how much is too much?
   A. Psyllium is usually used at half a teaspoon once to three times a day with a glass of water each time.

Q. This is a query about Psyllium. Psyllium or fish oil with garlic combination seems to be an alternative to statin, e.g. simvastatin, which have negative effects on brain function, or muscles. My query is as follows: would psyllium or the fish oil combo have any negative effects on someone with kidney damage, who has to obviously limit protein intake and has possibly follow a low phosphorous diet? Niacin was also an option to lowering cholesterol.
   A. Psyllium is a very safe fiber supplement. Fish oils are safe too, at a dose of 1 to 3 softgels a day.

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