Reclast for Osteoporosis and Paget's Disease by Ray Sahelian, M.D. Reclast side effects
Reclast is the first once-yearly drug for
postmenopausal
osteoporosis. It is given in a fifteen minute infusion intravenously.
Reclast was approved by the FDA in April, 2007 for Paget's disease, which can
result in misshapen bones in one or more areas of the body. Reclast is given by
infusion. Its active ingredient, zoledronic acid, is also marketed by Novartis
under the brand name Zometa for use in certain cancer patients.Reclast belongs
to a class of medications called bisphosphonates, which also includes the
osteoporosis drugs Fosamax, which needs to be taken once a week, and Boniva,
which needs to be taken once a month. Both are in pill form.
Reclast for osteoporosis
A September, 2007 study published online in The New England Journal of Medicine
showed the administration of Reclast led to 28 percent fewer deaths and 35
percent fewer fractures in the group that got a once-a-year infusion of the bone
drug compared
to those who got placebo.
For the study, researchers recruited about 2,000 patients from 23 countries who
were not taking oral bisphosphonates. Their average age was 74 and most were
women. All had previously broken a hip.
Half of the participants received Reclast given in an
infusion.
The research was funded by Novartis, which makes Reclast, and Lyles has two
patent applications for the use of the drug. Under the name Zometa, the drug was
approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for cancer patients in 2002.
It was approved for post-menopausal osteoporosis in August 2007 under the name Reclast.
Over the next two years, 139 of the patients in the placebo group had new broken
bones, or about 14 percent. Just 92 of the treated patients had second
fractures, or about 9 percent.
More surprising, 141 died in the placebo group, or about 13 percent, compared to
101 in the treatment group, about 10 percent.
The cause of death was never determined for many, including more than half of
those who died in the Reclast group. Everyone in the study received vitamin D.
Reclast side effects
Osteonecrosis has
been associated with the use of bisphosphonates. Side effects of intravenous
Reclast could include heart rhythm abnormalities. In one study, serious atrial fibrillation -- in which the upper chambers of the heart beat rapidly but
weakly -- affected significantly more patients in the zoledronate group compared
with the placebo group.
Alternatives to Reclast
Fosamax and other
bisphosphonates, a class of osteoporosis drugs that stops bone breakdown are
often prescribed by doctors. But many patients do not take the pills because
they cause heartburn and other symptoms.