Sinusitis treatment by Ray Sahelian, M.D. Are antibiotics helpful in acute sinusitis?

 

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the lining of one or more of the sinus cavities in the facial bones around the nose. Sinusitis is categorized as acute (sudden onset) or chronic (long term, the most common type). Antibiotics are commonly prescribed for the majority of patients with sinusitis even though most cases are caused by a virus rather than bacteria. Overuse of antibiotics is leading to more virulent and even drug-resistant bacteria.

Acute sinusitis
Most cases of sinusitis are acute infectious sinusitis, which generally lasts less than four weeks. Routine sinus infections aren’t really helped by antibiotics. In a December 2007 British study, people suffering from facial pain and a runny nose with greenish or yellowish mucous improved within about two weeks whether they took the standard antibiotic amoxicillin or steroid nose spray. Antibiotics, particularly the penicillin-like drug amoxicillin, are among the most commonly prescribed medicines for sinus infections.

   

Watchful waiting is a good approach in the treatment of acute rhino sinusitis
Symptoms cannot reliably identify which patients with acute rhino sinusitis -- infection of the nasal and sinus cavities, will benefit from antibiotic therapy. Dr. Jim Young of the University Hospital Basel in Switzerland and colleagues conclude that antibiotic therapy should not be used to treat acute this common infection in adults, even if the symptoms have lasted for up to 10 days. The overuse of antibiotics for acute rhino sinusitis is common because doctors are often unable to determine if the cause is viral or bacterial. Dr. Jim Young found the overall number of patients that would need to be treated to cure one patient was 15. If purulent discharge in the throat was present, the number needed to treat declined to 8. There may be some benefit using antibiotics in treating older patients, those with longer symptom duration, and those with more severe symptoms. "Watchful waiting" and symptomatic relief are reasonable approaches for almost all adult patients with acute rhino sinusitis-like complaints. The Lancet, March 15, 2008.

 

Natural treatment for sinusitis
The herb andrographis has been tested in this condition.

Chronic sinusitis
If the signs and symptoms of sinusitis last more than 12 weeks, or if there are frequent bouts of sinusitis, this could be considered a case of chronic sinusitis. Chronic sinusitis is one of the most common chronic diseases in the United States, affecting more than 30 million people each year.

Chronic Sinusitis Treatment
Chronic sinusitis treatment may be with medications such as antibiotics, or, in some cases, surgery. Natural options are also available. It is highly recommended that a person with chronic sinus problems stop smoking, reduce exposure to smoke or pollutants, perhaps drink less milk or eat less dairy, reduce white bread and simple, processed carbohydrates, drink less sugared sodas, increase fresh fruit and vegetable intake, eat more fish, lots more fish, and perhaps take fish oil capsules. If you use sugar with tea or coffee, consider stevia.

Natural Chronic Sinusitis Treatment
Cod liver oil, fish oils, and multivitamins in children may be helpful.

 

Nasal irrigation for chronic sinusitis
Nasal irrigations, using a large volume of saline and delivered with low pressure, are more effective than saline sprays for chronic sinonasal symptoms. Saline irrigation is a standard treatment for such symptoms, but many doctors prescribe nasal sprays instead, believing that this treatment is just as effective, but better tolerated.

Acute or Chronic Sinusitis symptom 
Sinusitis can cause tenderness in the face, aching behind the eyes and difficulty breathing through the nose. Postnasal drip is also common leading to chronic cough.

 

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Sinusitis Treatment with Nasal Irrigation
Nasal irrigation, a traditional therapy that has been shown to help people with chronic sinus problems, can be easily learned with a 30-minute group training session. Patients get a sense of "empowerment" because they can use and adjust the technique effectively on their own rather than requiring multiple doctor visits and prescriptions. Used for thousands of years in the Ayurvedic and Yogic traditions, nasal irrigation involves rinsing the nasal cavity with a saline solution to get rid of mucus that may contain allergens or infectious agents. Nasal irrigation in patients with chronic stuffy nose (rhinitis) and sinusitis reduce symptoms and medication use and improve quality of life. Barriers to learning the technique include a fear of having liquid in the nasal cavity, initial discomfort and mild side effects, the need to learn how to perform nasal irrigation effectively, and the need to set aside time for nasal irrigation. Annals of Family Medicine, July/August 2006.
 

Sinusitis symptom
A sinus infection symptom can include headache or pressure in the eyes, nose, cheek area, or on one side of the head. A person with sinusitis infection may also have a cough, a fever, bad breath, and nasal congestion with thick nasal secretions.

 

Causes
Other people's cigarette smoke could be to blame for much of the chronic itchy, runny nose and sinus woes - also known as rhinosinusitis -- that plague one in every six US adults. Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, April 2010.

 

Sinusitis Research Update
Therapeutic use, efficiency and safety of the proteolytic pineapple enzyme Bromelain -POS in children with acute sinusitis in Germany.
In Vivo. 2005 Mar-Apr;19(2):417-21.
The therapeutic efficiency and safety of the proteolytic enzyme bromelaine obtained from pineapple (Bromelain -POS, Ursapharm GmbH, Saarbrucken, Germany) was evaluated in children under the age of 11 years diagnosed with acute sinusitis. Data from 116 patients from 19 centres located across Germany were analysed in a pharmacoepidemiological cohort study. Patient cohorts were either treated with Bromelain -POS (N = 62), in combination with Bromelain -POS and standard therapies (N = 34), or with standard therapies (N = 20). The primary parameter measuring effectiveness of the different treatment groups was the duration of symptoms. The shortest mean period of symptoms was observed in patients treated with Bromelain -POS alone (6.66 days), followed by the standard therapy (7.95 days) and those treated with a combination of Bromelain-POS and the standard therapy (9.06 days). Patients of the Bromelain -POS monotherapy group showed a statistically significant faster recovery from symptoms (p = 0.005) compared to the other treatment groups. One 10-year-old male patient, with a known pineapple allergy, showed a self-limiting mild allergic reaction. No other unwanted side-effects were reported. This trial documents that the proteolytic pineapple enzyme Bromelain -POS is widely used in the treatment of young children diagnosed with acute sinusitis in Germany and that the use of proteolytic enzymes can benefit such patients.

 

Nutritional supplements as adjunctive therapy for children with chronic/recurrent sinusitis: pilot research.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2004 Jun;68(6):785-93.
Linday LA, Dolitsky JN, Shindledecker RD.
Department of Otolaryngology, The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, NY
Inflammation and edema of the sinonasal mucosa are important in the pathophysiology of sinusitis. Based on the similarities between otitis media (OM) and sinusitis, and our previous research on OM, we hypothesized that nutritional supplements would be effective adjunctive therapy for the treatment of children with chronic/recurrent sinusitis. We performed a 4 month, open-label, dose-titration study; subjects were enrolled from late January to early March 2003. Each subject served as his own control. Study supplements were a lemon-flavored cod liver oil and a children's multivitamin-mineral with selenium, prescribed in escalating doses; at higher doses, fish oil was substituted for cod liver oil. Subjects were private pediatric otolaryngology outpatients with a clinical diagnosis of chronic/recurrent sinusitis, whose symptoms were refractory to treatment with antibiotics. Our four subjects were Caucasian males, ranging in age from 4.2 to 9.8 years, with chronic/recurrent sinusitis for at least 3 years prior to entry in the study. Three subjects had a positive response; one subject dropped out for administrative reasons. Four, six, and eight weeks after beginning study supplements, the responders had decreased sinus symptoms, fewer episodes of acute sinusitis, and fewer doctor visits for acute illnesses. Their parents reported that they had begun to recover from upper respiratory illnesses without complications, which was unusual for these children, as was improvement in springtime; their improvement had previously been limited to the summer months or periods of home-schooling. Use of flavored cod liver oil and a multivitamin-mineral with selenium as adjunctive therapy for children with chronic/recurrent sinusitis is an inexpensive, non-invasive intervention that clinicians can use for selected patients, pending the performance of definitive, large, well-controlled studies.

 

Chronic sinusitis: management for optimal outcomes.
Treat Respir Med. 2004;3(2):97-105.
Chronic sinusitis is characterized by nasal purulence accompanied by malaise, postnasal drip and nasal dryness or crusting. It is a condition that is very difficult to treat and can be very disabling to the patients. A clinical diagnosis is based on history and evaluation with endoscopy, and computerized tomographic scanning. The etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis is multifactorial and comprises a vicious cycle of pathophysiological, anatomical, and constitutive factors. Predisposing factors include ciliary impairment, allergy, nasal polyposis, and immune deficiency. Treatment is aimed at reducing mucosal inflammation and swelling, controlling infection, and restoring aeration of the nasal and sinus mucosa. The choice of treatment is influenced by many factors including past medication, duration of symptoms and the presence of allergy/nasal polyps. Pharmacologic treatment, with local or systemic corticosteroids such as mometasone furoate, fluticasone propionate, beclometasone dipropionate or oral prednisolone coupled with nasal lavage with isotonic saline solutions are the cornerstones of disease management. Systemic antibiotics including amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole) are often administered to patients with chronic sinusitis and underlying bacterial infection. In patients with underlying allergy, additional treatment with antihistamines should be considered. Aeration of the sinuses may temporarily be improved with local nasal decongestants such as oxymetazoline. If symptoms persist after aggressive medical treatment, surgery should be considered. Surgery should be functional and involve widening the natural drainage openings of the sinuses and preserving the ciliated epithelium as much as possible. In the case of nasal polyposis surgery is more aggressive involving removal of the diseased polypous mucosa. It is recommended that medical treatment should be continued post sinus surgery.

 

A double blind, placebo-controlled study of Andrographis paniculata fixed combination Kan Jang in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections including sinusitis.
Phytomedicine. 2002 Oct;9(7):589-97.
Gabrielian ES, Shukarian AK, Goukasova GI, Chandanian GL, Panossian AG, Wikman G,
Erebuni, Medical Centre, Yerevan, Armenia.
A double blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical study was carried out to evaluate the effect of an Andrographis paniculata (N.) extract SHA-10 fixed combination, Kan Jang, in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections, including sinusitis. Ninety-five individuals in the treatment group and 90 individuals in the placebo group completed the study according to the protocol. The medication was taken for 5 days. Temperature, headache, muscle aches, throat symptoms, cough, nasal symptoms, general malaise and eye symptoms were taken as outcome measures with given scores. The total score analysis showed a highly significant improvement in the verum group versus the placebo. This result applied to the group as a whole and to the sinusitis subgroups. The individual symptoms of headache and nasal and throat symptoms together with general malaise showed the most significant improvement while cough and eye symptoms did not differ significantly between the groups. Temperature was moderately reduced in the verum group. It can be concluded that Kan Jang has a positive effect in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections and also relieves the inflammatory symptoms of sinusitis. The study drug was well tolerated.

 

Sinusitis questions

Q. Can serrapeptase cause adverse reactions when taking meds for high blood pressure such as norvasc and avapro? Because my mom takes those and they really afflict her badly. And what is the ideal serrapeptase dosage for me to take serrapeptase for chronic sinusitis. I've had that all my life. I need relief and not drugs.
     A. We personally do not have enough experience with this nutrient to have an answer to these questions. Serrapeptase has been used in Japan but very little in the US so we really don't know much about the ideal dosage or what conditions it is likely to benefit, or how it interacts with medicines.

 

Q. I am interested in ascertaining the possible benefits of using turmeric to reduce chronic inflammation in the sinuses and nasal passages that lead to frequent acute bacterial sinusitis infections. I haven't seen any research on sinusitis and turmeric or curcumin, but am wondering if it's reasonable to speculate that turmeric might reduce inflammation globally? I have an immune mediated reaction to normal molds, resulting in the production of Major Basic Protein which inflames the mucua. Researchers are seriously studying this mechanism as the cause of chronic rhinosinusitis. Any thoughts on using turmeric?
   A. Sinusitis can be caused by many factors. We have not seen any research regarding turmeric or curcumin for use in sinusitis.

 

Q. Dr Sahelian, I have patented and now offer a natural nasal wash, unique and the most effective nose wash on the market today. I have been teaching nose washing, prevention and avoidance of medications for more than 20 years and Nasopure is the result of this experience. I have written for CAM articles for WEBMD, have several informational handouts for patients. Dr Hana www.nasopure.com
   A. We have not tested this Nasopure product by Dr. Hana so we can't comment on it. Perhaps some people may benefit if they have sinusitis or nasal allergies. It may be worth a try.

 

I have surgically chronic dry nose. My mucosa in my inferior turbinates in my sinus is not producing mucuos. My new ENT prescribed Premarin cream .625% and seems to be working a bit to help repair the nasal mucosa. However I am a male and wonder if I should be taking anastrazole to block the estrogen once it is absorbed? Or is it ok to take without because absorbtion through nasal mucosa is not that potent? He said it is not enough to worry about.

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