Sperm by Ray Sahelian, M.D. Information on diet and natural supplements for sperm health and sperm count

Also known as semen, sperm is the male reproductive cells produced by the testicles. Sperm normally develops to full maturity within a man’s testes from puberty onward. Producing sperm capable of fertilizing an egg is an absolute requirement to achieve a human pregnancy. An abnormality in sperm production or maturation can result in male infertility. The page on
fertility offers suggestions on how to improve sperm health and count.

Do you have low libido or difficulty with erections? Would you like to increase the intensity of your ejaculation? Passion Rx could well help you. Passion Rx is doctor formulated. We have not done studies regarding the role of Passion Rx in sperm production, but many users notice they have more fluid on ejaculation when using Passion Rx. You may also consider eating more cold water fish or taking Fish-Oil-Wild capsules.

Cause of Low Sperm Count
Sperm count measures how many sperm are in a man's ejaculate. Anything over 20 million sperm per milliliter is considered normal. A sperm count less than 20 million per milliliter is called oligospermia. A low sperm count is one cause of male infertility. It only takes a single sperm to fertilize an egg (ovum). But the odds of a single sperm reaching the egg are quite low. A medical evaluation can help determine the cause of a low sperm count. Possible causes of low sperm count include varicoceles, a side effect of certain medications, excessive stress, exposure to radiation or certain chemicals, smoking, testicular abnormalities that are present at birth (congenital). Another potential cause of low sperm count is soaking for prolonged periods in hot tubs or jacuzzis.
  
Finasteride (Proscar, Propecia), a medicine used for hair growth and enlarged prostate treatment, can cause low sperm count and fertility problems.

Diet and sperm
It is possible that high sugar intake or high blood sugar may damage sperm.
   Sperm count and beef consumption: U.S. women who eat a lot of beef while pregnant give birth to sons who grow up to have low sperm counts. Perhaps pesticides, hormones or contaminants in cattle feed may be to blame. Chemicals can build up in the fat of animals that eat contaminated feed or grass, and cattle are routinely given hormones to boost their growth. In sons of 'high beef consumers' (more than seven beef meals a week), sperm concentration is lower.


Increase sperm count and sperm health with natural herbs and supplements - a natural sperm pill ?
There are several herbs and nutrients that can help you make more sperm.

Maca for sperm count
Maca is an herb found in the Andes mountains in South America, and also known as a libido booster. A study was designed to determine the effect of a 4-month oral treatment with tablets of Maca on seminal analysis in adult normal men aged 24-44 years old. Nine men received tablets of maca (1500 or 3000 mg per day) for 4 months. Treatment with maca resulted in increased seminal volume, sperm count per ejaculation, and sperm motility, which would indicate positive effects on fertility.

Effect of Black maca (Lepidium meyenii) on one spermatogenic cycle in rats.
Andrologia. 2006 Oct;38(5):166-72. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
Lepidium meyenii ( Maca ) grows exclusively between 4000 and 4500 m above sea level in the Peruvian central Andes. The hypocotyls of this plant are traditionally used in the Andean region for their supposed fertility-enhancing properties. The hypocotyls have different colours. Of these, Black maca has better effects on spermatogenesis. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that Black maca has early effects during a spermatogenic cycle (12 days) of male rats. For this, testicular spermatid, epididymal sperm and vas deferens sperm counts were measured after 1, 3, 5, 7 and 12 days of treatment with Black maca. From this, it is suggested that first action of Black maca was at epididymal level increasing sperm count after 1 day of treatment, whereas an increase in sperm count was observed in vas deferens at day 3 of treatment. Testicular testosterone was not affected after 7 days treatment with Black maca. In conclusion, Black maca affects sperm count as early as 1 day after beginning of treatment.

Mucuna pruriens herb
Effect of Mucuna pruriens on semen profile and biochemical parameters in seminal plasma of infertile men.
Fertil Steril. 2007 Nov 12. Ahmad MK, Mahdi AA, Shukla KK, Islam N, Jaiswar SP, Ahmad S. Departments of Biochemistry and Obstetrics and Gynecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.
To investigate the impact of mucuna pruriens seeds on semen profiles and biochemical levels in seminal plasma of infertile men. Sixty normal healthy fertile men (controls) and 60 men undergoing infertility screening. Before and after the treatment, seminal plasma lipid profile, lipid peroxide, fructose, and antioxidant vitamin levels were measured. Treatment with mucuna pruriens significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation, elevated spermatogenesis, and improved sperm motility. The present study is likely to open new vistas on the possible role of mucuna pruriens seed powder as a restorative and invigorating agent for infertile men.

Carnitine and acetylcarnitine
Carnitine and acetylcarnitine are nutrients that helps sperm motility. A dose of 500 mg of carnitine and 300 mg of acetyl-l-carnitine can be tried initially and then the dosage can be reduced over time. High amounts can lead to restlessness and insomnia.

Placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial on the use of L-carnitine, L-acetylcarnitine, or combined L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine in men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia.
Fertil Steril. 2005 Sep;84(3):662-71. Department of Internal Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy. To evaluate the effectiveness of L-carnitine (LC) or L-acetyl-carnitine or combined LC and LAC treatment in improving semen kinetic parameters and the total oxyradical scavenging capacity in semen. Sixty infertile men, ages 20 to 40 years, with the following baseline sperm selection criteria: concentration > 20 x 10(6)/mL, sperm forward motility < 50%, and normal sperm morphology > 30%; 59 patients completed the study. Patients underwent a double-blind therapy of carnitine 3 g/d, acetylcarnitine 3 g/d, a combination of LC 2 g/d and LAC 1 g/d, or placebo. The study design was 1 month of run in, 6 months of therapy or placebo, and 3 months of follow-up evaluation. Sperm cell motility (total and forward increased in patients to whom LAC was administered both alone or in combination with LC; combined LC + LAC therapy led to a significant improvement of straight progressive velocity after 3 months. The administration of carnitine and acetyl-l carnitine is effective in increasing sperm kinetic features in patients affected by idiopathic asthenozoospemia and improves the total oxyradical scavenging capacity of the seminal fluid in the same population.

Antioxidants could be helpful
Antioxidant intake is associated with semen quality in healthy men.
Hum Reprod. 2005 Apr;20(4):1006-12. Eskenazi B, Kidd SA, et al. School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA.
We seek to determine whether dietary and supplement intake of specific micronutrients (zinc and folate) and antioxidants (vitamins C, E and beta-carotene) is associated with semen quality. Ninety-seven healthy, non-smoking men provided semen and were interviewed. Average daily nutrient intake from food and supplements was derived from a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Intake levels were summarized as low, moderate and high. Semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, motility, progressive motility and total progressively motile sperm count (TPMS) were measured. After controlling for covariates, a high intake of antioxidants was associated with better semen quality but, in almost all cases, there was no clear dose relationship in that moderate intake groups had the poorest semen quality. Folate and zinc intake were not associated with improved semen quality. In a convenience sample of healthy non-smoking men from a non-clinical setting, higher antioxidant intake was associated with higher sperm numbers and motility.

Fish oils for semen quality or sperm health
Fish oils could help increase sperm volume.

Sperm health and diabetes
Diabetes may be damaging to sperm, which could affect men's fertility. There appears to be DNA damage in sperm cells of men with diabetes -- a possible sign of reduced fertility. Researchers at Queen's University in Belfast, Northern Ireland, studied sperm from 27 men with type 1 diabetes, with an average age of 34, and 29 non-diabetic men of similar age. They found that while semen volume was lower in diabetic men, all other measures including sperm concentration, output, form, structure and ability to move appeared normal. However, when they looked at the DNA, they found much more damage in the sperm of diabetic men. Sperm damage can impair male fertility and has been associated in couples with a history of miscarriages.

Male Sperm Production
For men with low sperm count, sexual abstinence -- but only for a day -- increases semen quality. More prolonged sexual abstinence may actually reduce sperm numbers. After only two days of abstinence, sperm from patients with male factor infertility initiate a process of quality degradation. The findings are important for men trying to father children through in vitro fertilization, or even through the natural method.

Human Sperm
Remarkably few sperm are actually produced with each ejaculation. There's usually 2-6 millilitres (about one half to a teaspoon), which contains between 200-300 million sperm and a mixture of sugar, protein, vitamin C, zinc and prostaglandins (the latter help the sperm travel through the womb). The sperm only make up 5% of the volume. And it's low in calories - just five per teaspoonful.

How long do Sperm live - Sperm life span
Sperm can live 2 to 3 days after ejaculation into the vagina (maximum 5-6 days). Sperm that are ejaculated only live an hour or two outside the body depending on where they are, how much exposure the sperm have to air, heat, sun, etc.

Normal Sperm Count
A normal sperm count is 20 million or more sperm per milliliter of semen. At least 60 percent of those sperm should have a normal shape and show normal forward movement (motility). These numbers are a bit arbitrary because some men with low sperm counts have fathered children. Likewise, some men with higher sperm counts have been unable to father children. Newer methods of artificial insemination can produce pregnancies when low sperm count is a factor.

Sperm extraction
Sperm extraction is unlikely to be successful in men with a chromosomal disorder known as Klinefelter's syndrome who are over 35 years of age. If the diagnosis is Klinefelter's syndrome, testicular sperm extraction should be performed before the critical age of 35 years. Men with Klinefelter's syndrome have an extra X chromosome. The most common consequence of this syndrome is infertility. Researchers attempted to obtain sperm -- to be used in assisted reproduction by intracytoplasmic sperm injection -- from 51 men with Klinefelter's syndrome and azoospermia (the absence of live sperm in semen). The physicians succeeded in obtaining sperm from testicular tissue in 26 and failed in 25 of the men. The median age was 31 years in the successful cases and 38 in the failed cases. The rate of successful retrieval was significantly higher in those younger than 35 years of age than in older patients. SOURCE: Fertility and Sterility, December 2005. Sperm Sex.

Increasing Sperm Count, Sperm Volume and Sperm Motility Research Update
Placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial on the use of L-carnitine, L-acetylcarnitine, or combined L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine in men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia.
SOURCE: Fertility & Sterility 2005 Sep;84(3):662-71.
To evaluate the effectiveness of L-carnitine or L-acetyl-carnitine or combined carnitine and acetyl carnitine treatment in improving human semen kinetic parameters and the total oxyradical scavenging capacity in semen. CONCLUSION(S): The administration of carnitine and acetyl carnitine is effective in increasing sperm kinetic features in patients affected by idiopathic asthenozoospemia and improves the total oxyradical scavenging capacity of the seminal fluid in the same population.

Blood in Sperm
The occurrence of blood in the sperm ejaculate is not common. The majority of cases of blood in sperm are benign and self-limiting - many cases are assumed to be the result of minor trauma in the genital tract. Another possible cause is prostatitis where there is also perineal pain.

Sperm Cell
Sperm (cell): male gamete composed of a head and a flagellum. The acrosome Is the organelle situated a the point of the head of a spermatozoid.

Sperm Morphology
Sperm morphology basically describes the percentage of sperm that look normal. Common causes of abnormal morphology include varicocele, drugs, heat, infrequent ejaculation,

How to produce more sperm - Sperm fact
Semen consists of sperm cells, testicle fluid (5%), seminal fluid (60%), prostate fluid (30%) and Cowper's gland fluid (5%). Eating more fish or taking fish oil supplements could potentially help.

Sperm and Insecticides
Higher levels of 1-naphthol (1N) in men's urine is associated with decreased sperm concentration and motility and increased DNA damage in sperm cells. 1N is a breakdown product of carbaryl, a lawn and garden insecticide known as Sevin, and the compound naphthalene, which is found in cigarette smoke, diesel fuel and other combustion byproducts. Men with higher urine levels of TCPY and 1N have lower levels of the sex hormone testosterone. Epidemiology, January 2006.

Sperm and Ozone
Smog is not just bad for the lungs. It can hit a man's sperm count too. The University of Southern California looked at the sperm counts of 48 men who donated at least 10 times in two years to a Los Angeles sperm bank. Using air pollution measurements from the area where each man lived, Rebecca Sokol's team estimated how much pollutant they were exposed to in the days leading up to each donation. The team, from the University's Keck School of Medicine, found that ozone formed in smoggy air was the only pollutant that appeared to be linked to decreased sperm production. Carbon monoxide seemed to have no effect. Ozone cannot reach the testicles directly but it may cause an inflammatory response or produce toxic substances in the blood that damage sperm.

Sperm quality and vaginal lubricants
Some sexually active couples use vaginal lubricants without realizing this could harm the quality of sperm. Dr. Ashok Agarwal from the Cleveland Clinic, Ohio evaluated the effects of four commercially available vaginal lubricants (FemGlide, Pre~Seed, Replens, and Astroglide) on sperm motility and the effects of three lubricants (Pre~Seed, K-Y Jelly, and FemGlide) on sperm chromatin integrity. In tests of semen samples from 12 men, Replens, Astroglide, and FemGlide caused significant decreases in sperm motility after 30 minutes, whereas Pre~Seed caused no significant decrease in sperm motility compared with sperm in a control solution. Sperm chromatin damage increased significantly after exposure to FemGlide or K-Y Jelly, the report indicates. Fertility and Sterility, February 2008.


Sperm Donation - Sperm Donor risks
Sperm donation is a well-established form of assisted conception treatment.  Sperm donation has been used for more than one hundred years. In some countries, sperm donation is not allowed. The use of frozen sperm is now mandatory in many countries to minimize the risk of HIV transmission to the recipients.
     It was reported in May 2006 that a sperm donor passed an extremely rare and dangerous genetic ailment to five children born to four couples. The disease, severe congenital neutropenia, can be fatal in children if untreated but is so rare that sperm banks do not test for it. Moreover, the family medical history that sperm donors must provide would not necessarily reveal such a defect, especially if the man is only a carrier and has no symptoms. The four couples used the same sperm bank, said Dr. Lawrence A. Boxer, lead author of the article in The Journal of Pediatrics, a Philadelphia publication.

Sperm Donor - Sperm Bank
A sperm donor is a man who gives or more usually sells his sperm, to a sperm bank, primarily for the purpose of assisting a woman anonymous to him to conceive via artificial insemination. Donors have to undergo certain health checks but it is difficult to become a sperm donor as few men has the high sperm quality needed and will pass the medical check, interviews and family medical history investigation. Therefore only between 5-10% of applicants are approved. In the USA donors are constantly tested and monitored and all sperm is stored for a minimum of 6 months and can not be released for sale before the donor is then retested for among other things: Human immunoviruses HIV-1 and HIV-2, Human T cell lymphotropic viruses HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, Syphilis, Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Hepatitis B and hepatitis C, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Cystic fibrosis, Karyotyping 46, XY, Spongiform Encephalopathy or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Sperm Count emails
Q. Dr. Sahelian, There are a number of alleged sperm enhancers out there, i.e sememax, volumpills, spermamax. They are they all claim natural herbals. Do you plan to develope a natural supplement to enhance sperm production, or possibly increasing sperm count, or do you have anything similar.
   A. Anecdotal reports indicate Passion Rx increases sperm production and volume, and fish oils could be helpful in increasing sperm volume, along with eating cold water fish such as salmon and halibut. We have not studied Semenax, Volumpills or Spermanax to know whether they are effective to enhance sperm production.

Q. I keep getting spam promoting a product called Spur M for more sperm. Almost every day a Spur M spam comes to my email box. Spur M promises to increase sperm count. Do you have a Spur M review? They promise Spur-M XtraCum improves quality of sperm, motility of sperm, reversal of low sperm count, overall improved production of semen and sperm.
   A. Any company, such as Spur M, that sends out unsolicited email, or spam, is immediately suspect. I would not even trust that Spur M has the ingredients they list until proven otherwise. If a company is shady enough to send spam, they cannot be trusted on anything. An internet search reveals that Spur M has several ingredients. Each Spur M tablet contains: Salabmisri (Orchis mascula) 130mg, Kokilaksha (Hygrophila auriculata Syn. Asteracantha longifolia) 64mg, Vanya Kahu (Lactuca scariola) 32mg, Kapikachchu (Mucuna pruriens) 32mg, Suvarnavang (Mosaic gold) 32mg; Extracts Vriddadaru (Argyreia speciosa) 64mg, Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris) 64mg, Jeevanti (Leptadenia reticulata) 64mg, Shaileyam (Parmelia perlata) 32mg.
     Speman promotes spermatogenesis by improving the testicular, seminal vesicle and epididymal functions. Speman improves the sperm count and the quality of semen by increasing the LH-FSH producing basophil cells in the pituitary. Each Speman tablet contains:Pdrs. Salabmisri (Orchis mascula) 130mg, Kokilaksha (Hygrophila auriculata Syn. Asteracantha longifolia) 64mg, Vanya kahu (Lactuca scariola Syn. L.serriola) 32mg, Kapikachchhu (Mucuna pruriens) 32mg, Suvarnavang (Mosaic gold) 32mg, Extrs. Vriddadaru (Argyreia speciosa Syn. A.nervosa) 64mg, Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris) 64mg, Jeevanti (Leptadenia reticulata) 64mg, Shaileyam (Parmelia perlata) 32mg.

Q. My friend told me that sperm quality goes bad with age, is that true?
     A. Sperm declines in quality as men age, swimming more slowly and becoming more genetically defective. Even though men make fresh sperm every day and can father children well into old age, they become less fertile and also tend to have more children with birth defects. Men who wait until they are old to have children may be increasing the risk of having children with genetic problems.

Q. Thanks for your honest attempts to answer difficult questions. I know you cannot prescribe treatments and that everyone is individual- ie you are  totally off the hook as far as I am concerned. My question: I will get Passion Rx and try it. Does it possibly increase volume of ejaculation? I see that you made a comment about some product Spur M which I had never heard of. You discounted anything that arrives as a spam email with which I agree. Do you have a product that specifically address the sperm volume issue, or can you suggest some things I could look.
     A. Some people report Passion Rx to increase sperm volume, and you could consider eating a lot more cold water fish such as salmon, halibut, sardines, etc which have protein and important oils found in sperm. Perhaps fish oil capsules may help, too, but we are not fully sure of this.

Q. I am a 40 yo gay male. When I ejaculate it feels as though a lot would come out and very little comes out. The question is how do I or what can I do to increase the volume of sperm?
   A. it's difficult to say for sure, but eating more cold water fish or taking fish oil capsules can sometimes help form more sperm. Some sexual herbs may help but it is difficult to predict which ones in any particular person.

Q. How do I know what product is best for semen or sperm increase? Quantum, Volume, Semenax? None of these has any National Credentials or mentions certified lab research. I would be a permanent customer if any of these products had free samples with decent results.
   A. We are not aware of any studies that have evaluated an over the counter trademarked herbal product such as Quantum, Volume, or Semenax for sperm or semen quality and quantity enhancement so we don't know at this time.

Q. I am man 43 years old, I would like to ask you regarding semen, sperm and premature ejaculation... do you have or produce herbal vitamin / supplement for men who had premature ejaculation and fertility problems such as low sperm count and low sperm motility or the herbal vitamin for men who wishes to increase the volume / improve production of semen and sperm and also increase my volume / extend the time of ejaculate and intensity / power of orgasms.
   A. A combination of eating cold water fish, taking fish oil capsules, and Passion Rx may be helpful.

Q.  Is it okay or is it safe to take semenax with Passion Rx in the same day ? the ingredients of Semenax is: L-Arginine HCL , L- Carnitine, L-Lysine, Epimedium Sagitatium, Zinc Oxide, Catuaba bark, Pumpkin Seed, Maca, Vit E, Zinc Aspartate, Pine bark, Muira puima, Hawthorne, Tribulus, cranberry, avena sativa, sarsaparilla.
   A. Passion Rx is potent and we don't recommend it the same day as other products with sexual herbs.

Q.  I am 54 years of age and in great shape, work out regularly… annual check-ups ect.. I am looking for a product to increase my volume at time of orgasm…at present I am likely half or less of what I could produce as a younger man. Has been a gradual lessoning. Do you have a product I could try?

Q. Do you know of any herbal supplements which might help in removing or reducing spermatocele cysts ?
   A. We are not aware of such herbs for spermatocele treatment at this time.

Q. Is there a home method to produce more male cell sperm count than female cell sperm count?
   A. Not that we are aware of.

Q. Azoospermia questions - I have no sperm and wondered if u could help in any way, i have been married 9 years and been through lots of treatments except herbal treatment , i was looking at your website and found info on the herb maca , will this be any good to me?
   A. It is impossible to predict the response to any supplements in the treatment of azoospermia. There are many causes of azoospermia, and the treatment depends on the cause. If many traditional methods have been explored without success, then natural supplements are worth a try.

Q. My husband is 56 and I am 43. We both have children from our first marriages. His sperm count and mobility is said to be satisfactory. I have had my Fallopian tubes cleaned; we have been tying to produce children for the last 6 years. The doctors find no medical problems in both of us. How can we improve the sperm quality and fertility?
   A. We can't make specific suggestions, but you may with to read the info on this page regarding sperm health.

Q. I am 23 and my husband is 27. We have been trying for a baby for the past three years. We have just been told that he has a sperm count of 0.5. Does this mean that he is sterile? If so is there anything we can do to have kids?

Q. With the reference to the subject of sperm count, sperm health and quantity improvement please help me. I am married 22 year old male. I had married before 3 year .but still I am suffering from low sperm count trouble. My Father and mother are living very sad due to my infertility .because my father and my mother have no one except me. Now dear sir please tells me how we can increase our sperm count and volume. If you have such type of medicine then how we can get this medicine. My sperm volume is 3.5 ml and quan6tity per is 48 %.
   A.