Nutritional supplements which contain freeze-dried tissue from the New Zealand green-lipped mussel Perna canaliculus are sold in many countries to relieve arthritic symptoms and to aid in the regeneration of arthritic and injured joints and for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
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lipped mussel supplement
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Benefits
Green-lipped mussel inhibits
inflammation in the body. Although inflammation is
normal under certain conditions, consistent or excessive inflammation can result
in pain and damage to the body, including the joints. The human body makes
several chemical mediators of inflammation. Levels of these chemicals in the
body may be higher in people with rheumatoid arthritis who are experiencing symptoms than in
symptom-free people with arthritis. Evidence indicates that controlling the
production of inflammatory mediators in the body may help improve conditions
such as arthritis, asthma, psoriasis, and
inflammatory bowel disease (including
ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease), all of which involve elements of
inflammation.
Review article
Prog Drug Research. 2015. Perna canaliculus (Green-Lipped
Mussel): Bioactive Components and Therapeutic Evaluation for Chronic Health
Conditions. Green-Lippped Mussel is found only in New Zealand waters and is
cultivated and manufactured for both the food and nutraceutical industry
world-wide. P. canaliculus has traditionally been used as a therapeutic to treat
various arthralgias in both humans and animals; however, clinical research
reports provide conflicting results. Numerous in vitro studies have reported
anti-inflammatory activity of the mussel under various conditions and also
demonstrated a synergistic effect with pharmaceutical medications such as
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with P. canaliculus protecting
the gastrointestinal mucosal lining against such medications. It is proposed
that the anti-inflammatory activity demonstrated by P. canaliculus is
predominantly due to the lipid fraction, however, among the major classes of
compounds found in mussel meat, proteins and peptides are the largest with
isolates demonstrating various anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant,
bioadhesive and anti-hypertensive activities.
Arthritis, osteoarthritis
Inflammopharmacology. 2012. Green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) extract
efficacy in knee osteoarthritis and improvement in gastrointestinal dysfunction:
a pilot study. Clinical data demonstrating efficacy for nutraceutical compounds
marketed for the symptom relief of osteoarthritis (OA) have been largely
contentious. Furthermore, no association has been linked between clinical trial
inconsistencies and gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. The aim of this study was
to primarily investigate the efficacy of a high-dose New Zealand green-lipped
mussel (GLM) extract in patients diagnosed with OA of the knee and concurrently
assess GLM impact on GI function. An open label, single group allocation study
was conducted, that administered 3,000 mg/day of GLM extract over 8 weeks to 21
subjects diagnosed with knee OA. Outcome measures were scored using the WOMAC,
the Lequesne algofunctional index, and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale
(GSRS) tools. Green-lipped mussel significantly improved knee joint pain,
stiffness and mobility. We report for the first time that the administration of
GLM extract also significantly improved GI symptoms by 49% in OA patients. Given
that GI dysfunction is linked to analgesic medication use, we further conclude
that the therapeutic efficacy of the GLM extract used was possibly correlated to
its effects on GI function by improving GSRS scores from baseline. Results from
this trial highlight the requisite for further clinical investigations of
gastrointestinal tract function in OA patients.
Cartilage health, not as effective as fish oil and
krill oil
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2017. Effects of different omega-3 sources, fish
oil, krill oil, and green-lipped mussel against cytokine-mediated canine
cartilage degradation. Our purpose was to evaluate the protective effect of
three marine omega-3 sources, fish oil (FO), krill oil (KO), and green-lipped
mussel (GLM) against cartilage degradation. Canine cartilage explants were
stimulated with either 10 ng/mL interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or IL-1β/oncostatin M (10
ng/mL each) and then treated with various concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid
(DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), FO, KO, or GLM for 28 days. Our results
showed that DHA and EPA as well as omega-3 sources could suppress matrix
degradation in cytokine-induced cartilage explants. Our findings indicated that
FO and KO were superior to GLM for their protective effect against proteoglycan
and collagen degradation. Hence, fish oil and krill oil could serve as promising
sources of chondroprotective agents.
Rheumatoid arthritis
There is little consistent and compelling evidence, to
date, in the therapeutic use of freeze-dried green-lipped mussel powder products
for rheumatoid arthritis treatment, particularly in comparison to other
cheaper alternative nutriceutical supplements .
Physical exercise
Open Access J Sports Med. 2013. Marine oil dietary
supplementation reduces delayed onset muscle soreness after a 30 km run. Runners
are prone to delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) during long distance training.
This especially holds for unaccustomed training volumes at moderate to high
intensities. We investigated the effects of a marine oil complex, PCSO-524®,
derived from the New Zealand green-lipped mussel (formulated as Lyprinol and
Omega XL) on DOMS after a 30 km training run.
New Zealand green-lipped mussel fatty
acid composition
The major fatty acids of
New Zealand green-lipped mussel
are docosahexaenoic acid (DHA:
22:6 n-3) (19%), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 n-3) and palmitic acid (16:0),
both 15%. Cholesterol is the most prominent sterol (31% of total sterols). Other
major sterols include desmosterol / brassicasterol, 24-methylenecholesterol,
trans-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-nordehydrocholesterol and occelasterol.
Molluscs and Bivalves
Bivalves are two shelled aquatic molluscs, bilaterally symmetrical
and laterally compressed. Bivalves include mussels, scallops, cockles,
oysters, clams and
the unusual shipworms.
Green Lipped Mussel Research
Systematic review of a marine
nutraceutical supplement in clinical trials
for arthritis: the effectiveness of the New Zealand green-lipped mussel Perna
canaliculus.
Clinical Rheumatology. 2005
Complementary Medicine, Institute of Health and Social Care Research, Peninsula
Medical School, Universities of Exeter and Plymouth, 25 Victoria Park Road,
Exeter, EX2 4NT, UK
Nutritional supplements, such as Seatone, which contain freeze-dried tissue
from the New Zealand green-lipped mussel Perna canaliculus, are sold in many
countries to relieve arthritic symptoms and to aid in the regeneration of
arthritic and injured joints. Searches for all published controlled trials on
the clinical effectiveness of green-lipped mussel, as a nutritional supplement
with potential health benefits for arthritis, were carried out from four
independent databases. No language restrictions were imposed. Reports of
clinical studies, using freeze-dried mussel powder, show mixed outcome measures
and are not conclusive, with only two of five randomized controlled trials
attesting benefits for rheumatoid and osteoarthritis patients. Similarly, animal
studies have likewise yielded mixed findings. In both these cases possibly due
to the lack of stabilization of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, now
known to be the basis of anti-inflammatory activity. There is little
consistent and compelling evidence, to date, in the therapeutic use of
freeze-dried green-lipped mussel powder products for rheumatoid or
osteoarthritis treatment, particularly in comparison to other cheaper
alternative nutriceutical supplements of proven efficacy. However, further
investigations are necessary to determine whether green-lipped mussel
supplements, such as Seatone, are therapeutic options in the management of
arthritis.
Gas chromatography-chemical ionization-mass
spectrometric fatty acid analysis of a commercial supercritical carbon dioxide
lipid extract from New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus).
Lipids. 2005.
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Savage Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New
York, USA.
Supercritical fluid extracts of New Zealand green-lipped mussels have been
suggested to have therapeutic properties related to their oil components. The
large number of minor fatty acids in New Zealand green-lipped mussels extract
was characterized. The extract contained five major lipid classes: sterol
esters, TAG, FFA, sterols, and polar lipids. The total fatty acid content of the
lipid extract was 0.66 g/mL. Fifty-three unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) were
fully identified, of which 37 were PUFA, and a further 21 UFA were detected for
which concentrations were too low for assignment of double-bond positions. There
were 17 saturated fatty acids, with 14:0, 16:0, and 18:0 present in the greatest
concentration. The 10 n-3 PUFA detected included 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, the two
main n-3 FA; n-3 PUFA at low concentrations were 18:3, 18:4, 20:3, 20:4, 21:5,
22:5, 24:6, and 28:8. There were 43 UFA from the n-4, n-5, n-6, n-7, n-8, n-9,
n-10, n-1 families, with 16:2n-4, 16:1n-5, 18:1n-5, 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6, 16:1n-7,
20:1n-7, 16:1n-9, 18:1 n-9, and 20:1 n-9 being the most abundant. These data
demonstrate a remarkable diversity of New Zealand green-lipped mussels fatty
acids.
Lyprinol ( stabilised lipid extract of New Zealand
green-lipped mussel ): a potential preventative treatment modality for
inflammatory bowel disease.
J Gastroenterol. 2005.. Child Health Research Institute, Women's and Children's Hospital,
North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Lyprinol (Pharmalink International), the stabilised lipid extract of the New
Zealand green-lipped mussel, is currently used to relieve symptoms of arthritis.
We investigated the effect of pretreatment with lipid extract of the New Zealand
green-lipped mussel on experimentally induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
in mice. Male mice (aged 6 weeks) were gavaged daily for 13
days with (150 microl) olive oil (OO), fish oil (FO), or LYP. Mice consumed 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 6 days, starting on day 7.
Body weight and disease activity index (DAI) scores were recorded daily. Colonic
damage was determined by histopathology. Colonic inflammation was quantified by
myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Lipid extract of the New Zealand
green-lipped mussel treatment significantly reduced body weight loss, DAI
scores, crypt area losses, and cecum and colon weights, compared with FO
treatment. MPO activity was not significantly affected by any treatment.
These findings provide preliminary evidence that lipid extract of
the New Zealand green-lipped mussel may be potentially useful in ameliorating
symptoms of IBD. The benefit, however, is unlikely to be due to the omega-3
fatty acid content. Dose-response evaluation of lipid extract of the New Zealand
green-lipped mussel in experimental IBD is warranted.
The major fatty acids of New Zealand green-lipped mussel are docosahexaenoic acid (DHA: 22:6 n-3) (19%), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 n-3) and palmitic acid (16:0), both 15%. Cholesterol is the most prominent sterol (31% of total sterols). Other major sterols include desmosterol / brassicasterol, 24-methylenecholesterol, trans-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-nordehydrocholesterol and occelasterol.
Questions
Q. Can a green lipped mussel supplement and
serrapeptase be taken
the same day? What about AHCC?
A. I would prefer not mixing too many of these
supplements together since little research is available regarding their
individual use, let alone the combinations.
Products
One brand name is
Lyprinol.